首頁108課綱讀書時間不夠、讀不快怎麼辦？建中名師教你略讀技巧，帶著問題找答案，高效吸收知識。
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讀書時間不夠、讀不快怎麼辦？建中名師教你略讀技巧，帶著問題找答案，高效吸收知識。

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有不少人閱讀速度是比較慢的，造成這問題的原因很多，如果不是生理或認知機能因素限制的話，比較可能的原因或許是沒興趣（就是不愛看書）、背景知識不足，或是閱讀技巧不佳所致。

不愛讀書的原因很多，其中一個大癥結是沒有成就感，或不知為什麼老師要我讀這本書？而沒有成就感，又常與考試成績不佳、看不懂有關。

「如何激發讀書興趣？」是一個頗複雜的問題，這個單元僅能就「改進閱讀技巧」加以探討，方法對了，開始有成就感了，往往是解決問題的開始。

當我們開始讀取一筆資料時，例如電子報、雜誌期刊的文章、課本中的一個篇章、一本書、廣告單等，不應該逐字逐句從第一個段落讀到最後段落，而應該先進行「略讀」（skim），邊問邊查這一筆資料的主張（Claim）、結論（Conclusion）、論點（Argument）、證據（Evidence）是什麼？（參考本書〈萬丈高樓平地起：主張、論點和證據〉一文）：

  1. 找C：這份資料在處理其主題（題目）時，所抱持的「主張」是什麼？（通常在開頭就會提出主張，可能是一個主題句〔topic sentence〕，但有時會以問句的形式出現。）

2.   找另一個C：「結論」是什麼？結論和主張是一貫的吧？（結論通常放在最後的段落，

     如果結論和主張有矛盾，或關聯不大，這筆資料就有問題了。）

3.   找A：支持結論的「主要論點」是什麼？（如果找不到論點，這筆資料就沒什麼價值 

      了。）

4.   找E：有哪些「證據」可以支持呢？（不過，未必所有的資料都會呈現證據。）

帶著問題快速找答案

「略讀」的訣竅，就是「帶著問題」（是什麼？），「快速地」查找「答案」（主張、結論、論點、證據），有了這一些「答案」，應該就能了解這筆資料的「架構」、「大意」了。（圖13）

如果幸運的話，有些資料會細心地善用信號字，例如：「首先」、「換句話說」、「因為⋯⋯，所以」、「與其⋯⋯，不如」、「然而」、「而且」、「總之」等，讀起來就很容易掌握前後內容之間的關係。

此外，通常一筆資料的論點大約三個左右，有些資料甚至明確地將論點加上了小標題，自成一個清楚的段落，讀起來就更順利了。

假設某一筆資料萬一洋洋灑灑羅列了十個論點，有經驗的略讀者應會設法將論點整併，自行歸納成三個，最多五個，比較好記住。

在略讀階段，通常就是依循著小標題、信號字，以及經常多次出現在「主張」、「論點」的「關鍵字」等線索，優先抓住資料的「架構」、「大意」即可，凡是涉及細節的，先跳過，看到生難字詞的，也先跳過。除非這個生難字詞出現好幾次，嚴重卡關，那應該是「關鍵字」了，就只好暫停下來上網搜尋資訊，或翻查辭典，一次搞定它！

如果略讀時間不是很夠了，甚至連「證據」也可以先跳過不看。總之，略讀就是精簡訊息，只抓最關鍵的，閱讀速度才能快得起來。

有沒有發現呢？其實，「略讀」優先要掌握的訊息，和「摘要」應擷取的訊息，大致上是相當接近的。

略讀完成，至少大約可以掌握40％的內容。看到40％，不要害怕或懷疑，只要能清楚說出「架構」、「大意」相關的核心訊息，就可算是初步讀懂了這一筆資料，在大部分的情況下，這已經夠用了。

想了解更多相關資訊嗎？

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