《天下雜誌》曾經刊出一篇訪談專文,標題是「哪一堂課這麼狂?竟發現建中學生其實不會讀書」。仔細了解,內容應該沒有嘩眾取寵,而是事實。
主要原因出在臺灣的學生長年苦讀教科書,或是按照教科書內容做精要提示和考古題分析的講義,這些學習材料多是高度濃縮的考試重點,不太講求清晰詳盡的闡述或論證過程,白話一些地說,「背下來」就對了,不用思考,不必懷疑,因為考試可能就會考到。所以,教科書文本很難成為理想的閱讀文本,這類學習材料讀多了,更會妨礙閱讀理解能力的發展。
如果再加上「課外書」閱讀經驗有限,又沒有遇到好的啟蒙老師,這一來,便很難避免閱讀理解能力趨於薄弱的困境。
想要知道你是不是具有閱讀理解的能力,其實不難。自行查找、或請老師推薦一篇自然科學或人文社會科學的科普文章,大約1,000 字左右,讀讀看,是否可以順利掌握文章中的C(主張)、A(論點)、E(證據),並且統整出整個的論證結構(參考本書的〈萬丈高樓平地起:主張、論點和證據〉一文)。算一算前前後後花了多少時間完成,然後請人評估結果是否符合原文結構及重點。
根據許多中學老師的教學經驗發現,不少學生遇到500 字以上的文章,就開始頭大,抓不到重點,如果讓高中生讀1,000 字以上的科普文章,有一些人甚至馬上就放棄了。但是,如果能先學會一些閱讀策略,多數人是可以順利地在一篇短文閱讀中掌握主旨大意,並能抒發一些個人感受或思緒的心得。如果能得到更多引導和鼓勵,符合其背景知識,閱讀時間也比較充分,掌握一篇較長文章(例如1,000 字以上)的主旨大意、寫個200 字以內的心得,大體上也沒問題。
不過,若從主旨大意再繼續理解,進一步請學生找出文章中的闡述或論證,以及支撐主旨大意、主張或主要論點的支持論點,就會難倒不少人;如果再追問這些支持論點與主要論點之間是否吻合、緊密連結,以及是否足以推演出結論,能夠正確回答的人就更少了。這樣的閱讀理解表現,在全臺灣各地指標性高中的一年級新生裡也不罕見,讓許多學者專家十分詫異。
拆解文句段落,檢索與擷取訊息
以良好的遣詞造句來發揮文中的主旨大意,寫一篇抒發個人感受或思緒的漂亮心得,這當然是一種能力,但對於閱讀理解帶有論證性質的文章而言,這種能力其實不太能派得上用場。要掌握、理解一篇帶有論證性質的文章,第一步關鍵在於我們得先學會拆解文句段落,檢索與擷取訊息。
簡單來說,一篇文章通常包含三個部分:前言、正文、結論;無論哪一個部分,都是由「段落」組成,而每一個段落則會包含「主題句、支撐句、結論句」。若以「積木」比喻段落,每一塊積木(段落)均由「主題句、支撐句、結論句」構成,一篇文章就是用好多塊這樣的
「積木」組合而成。(圖6)
在本單元一開始曾提到教科書不是好的閱讀文本,主要原因就在於:教科書作者總是設法在有限的篇幅中濃縮所有的考試重點,造成必須在段落裡省減支撐句,而且還得限縮正文篇幅,以至於欠缺闡述或論證的過程,讀者只須死記死背結論(考試重點)就好了。
好的主題句(topic sentence)作用在陳述該段落即將發展的觀念,不宜太籠統或太偏狹,必須清楚地說明整個段落的重點,但不須帶入細節。
好的支撐句(supporting sentences)作用在透過解釋、推理或證明來支持主題句,細節(例如實例、類比、統計數據、引用相關資料中的觀點、專家意見等)通常都在支撐句中出現。請注意支撐句附上的英文「sentences」,意思是可以有好幾個支撐句。
好的結論句(concluding sentence)最好能以一句完成,主要是概述這個段落的重點,或改寫主題句,加強印象。
所以,讀懂一個段落,是閱讀理解的開始,而能掌握前言、正文、結論之間的脈絡或邏輯,則是目標,這得從主要論點(the overall argument)和支持論點(contributing arguments)的辨識下手。
雖然在許多較為複雜的討論中,主要論點可能不只一個,但在初步學習階段,可以選擇統整性較為凸顯,只探討一個主要論點的文章來練習。
想了解更多相關資訊嗎?
分享 迎戰108課綱最權威攻略《高層次閱讀與思考》

I don’t think the title of your article matches the content lol. Just kidding, mainly because I had some doubts after reading the article.
Thanks for sharing. I read many of your blog posts, cool, your blog is very good.
Your point of view caught my eye and was very interesting. Thanks. I have a question for you.
nawr9c
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
canadapharmacyonline com
https://expresscanadapharm.shop/# ed drugs online from canada
reliable canadian pharmacy reviews
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
Your blog reliably surprises me with enlightening writing. Thank you for always providing quality posts.
Your blog has become my go-to guide on this specific subject.
Offering a global touch with every service.
gabapentin 600 mg sweling
A model pharmacy in terms of service and care.
Outstanding service, no matter where you’re located.
can you buy cheap cytotec price
From greeting to checkout, always a pleasant experience.
The staff always remembers my name; it feels personal.
order generic cytotec
Medicament prescribing information.
Always leaving this place satisfied.
can you buy cheap cipro price
I’m always impressed with their efficient system.
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
магазин аккаунтов социальных сетей гарантия при продаже аккаунтов
маркетплейс для реселлеров маркетплейс аккаунтов соцсетей
покупка аккаунтов продажа аккаунтов соцсетей
аккаунт для рекламы https://ploshadka-prodazha-akkauntov.ru/
купить аккаунт маркетплейс для реселлеров
биржа аккаунтов https://kupit-akkaunt-top.ru/
маркетплейс для реселлеров купить аккаунт
Sell Pre-made Account Online Account Store
Sell Pre-made Account Account Acquisition
Gaming account marketplace Accounts for Sale
Social media account marketplace Account market
Verified Accounts for Sale Verified Accounts for Sale
Secure Account Sales Find Accounts for Sale
Guaranteed Accounts Website for Buying Accounts
Account market Accounts market
Online Account Store Purchase Ready-Made Accounts
Verified Accounts for Sale Account Selling Service
verified accounts for sale account trading platform
accounts marketplace secure account purchasing platform
account catalog guaranteed accounts
account market account trading platform
account acquisition accounts marketplace
profitable account sales sell pre-made account
account marketplace account exchange
guaranteed accounts purchase ready-made accounts
account buying platform website for buying accounts
database of accounts for sale account sale
social media account marketplace https://accounts-marketplace.org
account buying platform website for selling accounts
account buying service guaranteed accounts
accounts for sale account trading platform
buy pre-made account verified accounts for sale
secure account sales accounts marketplace
sell account social-accounts-marketplace.org
buy and sell accounts account trading service
account exchange service website for selling accounts
account marketplace account-buy.org
accounts marketplace sell account
ready-made accounts for sale account market
account trading account store
buy and sell accounts secure account sales
verified accounts for sale account trading platform
account marketplace account store
account market website for selling accounts